Whether from a recent masonry project or on an old, weathered wall, sloppy mortar smears can detract from the natural beauty of brickwork. These hazy white or gray stains, known as mortar smears or efflorescence, can make an otherwise perfect job look messy and unfinished. Many homeowners might feel that this is a permanent problem best left to professionals, fearing they might damage the brick surface if they try to fix it themselves.
Thankfully, that’s not the case. Learning how to remove excess mortar from brick is a very manageable task that can restore the clean, crisp look of your masonry. With the right tools, a bit of patience, and a methodical approach, you can safely dissolve and scrub away these stubborn residues. This guide will walk you through the proven techniques for cleaning brick, from simple mechanical methods to using specialized acid solutions.
Why Cleaning Excess Mortar Is Important
Removing excess mortar from your brickwork is crucial for both aesthetic and practical reasons. Aesthetically, it restores the rich color and clean lines of the brick, giving the entire surface a professional, finished appearance instead of a sloppy one. Practically, thick mortar smears can trap moisture against the brick, which can contribute to spalling (flaking or chipping) over time, especially in climates with freeze-thaw cycles. Proper brick cleaning not only enhances your home’s curb appeal but also helps maintain the long-term integrity and health of the masonry itself.
7 Step-by-Step Guide: How to Remove Excess Mortar from Brick
Step 1: Assess the Situation
Before you begin removing excess mortar from your brick, it’s important to assess the situation and determine the extent of the problem. Is there just a small amount of mortar smears or are they covering large portions of your brick? Are they fresh or have they hardened over time? This information will help you choose the appropriate tools and cleaning methods.
If the mortar is still fresh, it is much easier to remove. You can often use a damp cloth or sponge to gently wipe away the excess before it hardens. For areas where the mortar has already started to set but is not fully cured, a stiff-bristled brush and some water may help to scrub it off without damaging the brick surface. Be sure to work carefully to avoid spreading the mortar further or scratching the brick.
Step 2: Gather Tools & Materials
Before starting any brick cleaning project, it is important to gather the necessary tools and materials. This will ensure that you have everything you need on hand, making the process smoother and more efficient.
It is important to note that not all methods and tools are suitable for every type of brick. For example, pressure washing may be too harsh for older or delicate bricks, while a mild
Step 3:Prepare Area for Cleaning
Once you have gathered all the necessary tools and materials, it is important to prepare the area before starting the cleaning process. This will help protect surrounding surfaces and prevent any damage.
Start by covering nearby plants and grass with a tarp or plastic sheeting. This will prevent them from getting damaged by any chemicals or debris during the cleaning process.
Next, use a broom or brush to sweep away any loose dirt and debris from the surface of the bricks. This will ensure that you have a clean surface to work with and prevent any scratches caused by debris.
Step 4: Remove Big Pieces Mechanically
Once the surface is clean and free of loose debris, it’s time to remove any bigger pieces that may be stuck on the bricks. This can include things like clumps of dirt, dried mud, or even tree sap.
To remove these big pieces mechanically, you can use a pressure washer or a garden hose with a high-pressure nozzle attachment. Simply aim the stream of water at the affected areas and apply enough pressure to dislodge and wash away any stubborn debris.
Be sure to work in small sections at a time and keep the nozzle at least 6 inches away from the surface to avoid damaging the bricks. You can also use a stiff-bristled brush along with the water for tougher
Step 5: Brushing and Scraping
If the moss and algae growth is particularly stubborn, you may need to use a brush or scraper to manually remove it from the bricks. A stiff-bristled brush or wire brush can be used to scrub away any remaining debris after pressure washing.
You can also use a plastic putty knife or scraper to gently scrape away any tough spots. Be careful not to apply too much pressure as this could damage the surface of the bricks.
Once the surface is clean and free of moss and algae, it’s important to rinse the bricks thoroughly with clean water. This will help wash away any loosened debris and cleaning solution residue, leaving the bricks fresh and ready for further treatment or maintenance. Allow the bricks to dry completely before applying any sealers or protective coatings to ensure optimal adhesion and long-lasting results. Regular maintenance and cleaning will help preserve the appearance and integrity of the brick surface over time.
Step 6: Chemical Treatment (If Needed)
If your brick surface has stubborn stains or discoloration, you may need to consider a chemical treatment to remove them. However, it is important to note that strong chemicals can potentially damage the bricks, so it should only be used as a last resort and with caution.
Before using any chemicals on your brick surface, always test it in a small inconspicuous area first to ensure compatibility. It is also recommended to wear protective gear such as gloves and goggles when handling chemicals.
There are various types of chemical treatments available for cleaning bricks, such as acid-based cleaners, alkaline cleaners, and enzyme cleaners. Each type targets different types of stains and discoloration, so be sure to choose
Step 7: Power Tools (Only If Necessary)
If the stains and discoloration on your brick surface are more stubborn and difficult to remove, you may need to use power tools in addition to chemical treatments. However, it is important to note that power tools should only be used as a last resort and with caution.
Some commonly used power tools for cleaning bricks include pressure washers, rotary scrubbers, and wire brushes. When using these tools, make sure to read the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and follow all safety precautions.
Pressure washers can be useful for removing dirt and grime from large areas of brick surfaces. However, the high pressure of the water can also damage or erode the brick if not used correctly. Before using a pressure
Safety Precautions
washer, test it on a small, inconspicuous area to ensure it won’t cause damage. Additionally, always wear protective gear such as goggles, gloves, and sturdy footwear when operating a pressure washer to prevent accidents or injuries. For rotary scrubbers and wire brushes, ensure that the attachment is suitable for brick surfaces and is not overly abrasive, as this could chip or scratch the brick. It’s also crucial to maintain a firm grip on the tool during operation to avoid losing control. Always clear the work area of debris or obstacles, and make sure the equipment is in good working condition before beginning the task. Proper preparation and caution can significantly reduce risks and ensure a successful cleaning process.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I Use a Wire Brush to Clean Mortar Off Brick?
No, you should avoid using a wire brush. While it may seem like a powerful tool, the metal bristles are too abrasive and can easily scratch, scrape, and damage the face of the bricks. The metal can also leave behind tiny particles that will rust and cause unsightly brown stains on your masonry. Always opt for a stiff-bristled, non-metallic brush for brick cleaning.
What Is the Safest Acid to Use for Cleaning Brick?
The safest options are specially formulated masonry detergents or phosphoric acid-based cleaners, which are less aggressive than muriatic acid. However, for tough, cured mortar stains, a heavily diluted solution of muriatic acid (1 part acid to 10-12 parts water) is often the most effective. Regardless of the acid used, wearing full personal protective equipment (goggles, gloves, respirator) is absolutely essential for safety.
How Long Do I Need to Wait Before Cleaning New Brickwork?
You should wait until the mortar has fully cured before attempting to clean it with an acid solution. Cleaning too soon can damage the fresh mortar joints. As a general rule, it is best to wait at least 7 to 14 days after the masonry work is completed. For light cleaning with just water and a brush, you can often start after 3-4 days.
What Is the White, Powdery Substance on My Brick?
That white, powdery residue is likely efflorescence. It occurs when water moving through the brick brings natural salts to the surface. As the water evaporates, it leaves the salt deposits behind. Efflorescence can often be removed simply by scrubbing with a stiff, dry brush. If it persists, it may be a sign of an underlying moisture issue that needs to be addressed.
Can I Use a Pressure Washer to Remove Mortar Stains?
Using a pressure washer on brick can be very risky and is generally not recommended for this task. The high-pressure stream can easily erode the surface of the brick and blast out the mortar from the joints, causing significant damage. If you do choose to use one, use a low-pressure setting (under 1000 PSI) and a wide-angle fan tip, and always test it on an inconspicuous area first.
Conclusion
Knowing how to remove excess mortar from brick is a valuable skill that allows you to restore the natural beauty and clean lines of any masonry surface. While the task requires care and attention to safety, it is a straightforward process that can yield dramatic results. By following a methodical approach, from mechanical removal and pre-soaking to the careful application and thorough rinsing of a cleaning solution, you can successfully eliminate unsightly mortar stains without damaging your brickwork.
Don’t let sloppy mortar smears diminish the look of your home. With the right techniques and a little effort, you can confidently tackle this project and achieve a clean, professional finish that will make your brickwork look its absolute best.